Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure

When a static mass of fluid comes in contact with a surface, either plane or curved, a force is exerted by the fluid on the surface. This force is known as total pressure. Since for a fluid at rest no tangential force exists, the total pressure acts in the direction normal to the surface. The point...

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Mechanical Gauges

Mechanical gauges are those pressure measuring devices, which embody an elastic element, which deflects under the action of the applied pressure and this movement mechanically magnified, operates a pointer moving against a graduated circumferential scale. Generally these gauges are used for measuring...

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Measurement of Pressure

In practice, pressure is always measured by the determination of a pressure difference. If the difference is that between the pressure of the fluid in question and that of a vacuum then the result is known as the absolute pressure of the fluid. More usually, the difference determined is that between...

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Variation of Pressure in a Fluid

Consider a small fluid element of size δx × δy × δz at any point in a static mass of fluid as shown in Fig.1. Since the fluid is at rest, the element is in equilibrium under the various forces acting on it. The forces acting on the element are the pressure forces on its faces and the self-weight of...

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Road Margins

The portion of the road beyond the carriageway and on the roadway can be generally called road margin. Various elements that form the road margins are given below.1) ShouldersShoulders are provided along the road edge and are intended for accommodation of stopped vehicles, serve as an emergency lane for vehicles and provide lateral support for base and surface courses. The shoulder should be strong...

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Kerbs in Pavement

Kerbs indicate the boundary between the carriage way and the shoulder or islands or footpaths. The different types of kerbs are given below.1) Low or Mountable KerbsThis type of kerb is provided such that they encourage the traffic to remain in the through traffic lanes and also allow the driver to...

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Width of Carriage Way, Width of Formation and Right of Way

Width of Carriage WayWidth of the carriage way or the width of the pavement depends on the width of the traffic lane and number of lanes. Width of a traffic lane depends on the width of the vehicle and the clearance. Side clearance improves operating speed and safety. The maximum permissible width of...

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